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BEFORE: |
CHAIRPERSON: Ms.
Christine Chanet (France)
VICE-CHAIRPERSONS:
Mr. Maurice Glele Ahanhanzo (Benin), Ms. Elisabeth Palm (Sweden),
Mr. Hipolito Solari Yrigoyen (Argentina)
RAPPORTEUR: Mr. Ivan
Shearer (Australia)
MEMBERS: Mr.
Abdelfattah Amor (Tunisia), Mr. Mr. Nisuke Ando (Japan), Mr.
Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (India), Alfredo Castillero Hoyos
(Panama), Mr. Edwin Johnson Lopez (Ecuador), Mr. Walter Kalin
(Switzerland), Mr. Ahmed Tawfik Khalil (Egypt), Mr. Rajsoomer Lallah
(Mauritius), Mr. Michael O’Flaherty (Ireland), Mr. Rafael Rivas
Posada (Colombia), Sir Nigel Rodley (United Kingdom), Ms. Ruth
Wedgwood (United States), Mr. Roman Wieruszewski (Poland) |
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PermaLink: |
http://www.worldcourts.com/hrc/eng/decisions/2005.07.25_Bertelli_Galvez_v_Spain.htm |
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Citation: |
Bertelli
Galvez v. Spain, Comm. 1389/2005, U.N. Doc. A/60/40, Vol. II, at 483
(HRC 2005) |
Alt. Style
of Cause: |
Bertelli v.
Spain |
Publications: |
Report of
the Human Rights Committee, U.N. GAOR, 60th Sess., Supp. No. 40,
U.N. Doc. A/60/40, Annex VI, sect. JJ, at 483 (Oct. 3, 2005) |
Represented By: |
José Luis
Mazón Costa |
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1. The author of the
communication, dated 2 December 2004, is Luis Bertelli Gálvez, a lawyer of
Spanish nationality born in 1949. He is represented by counsel Mr. Mazón
Costa. He claims to be a victim of violations of articles 14, paragraph 1
and 5, and article 17 of the Covenant. The Optional Protocol entered into
force for Spain on 25 April 1985.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
2.1 In 1984, the author was said to be a well respected lawyer in Malaga. He
was known to have denounced abuses allegedly committed by local judges. On
18 May 1984, one Mr. Bohsali, accompanied by a police agent, visited the
author's office. Mr. Bohsali had been investigated by Interpol in five
countries and there were five criminal proceedings pending against him
before Spanish courts. The author decided to assume the defence of Mr.
Bohsali, who paid him part of his fees in advance. While the author was in
the Canary Islands, where Mr. Bohsali had been indicted, the latter was
arrested in Seville, but later released. According to the author, the police
induced Mr. Bohsali to believe that the author had done nothing to help him
but had deceived him. Accordingly, Mr. Bohsali filed for fraud against the
author.
2.2 Proceedings against the author were conducted by a judge who was
allegedly biased against him. The author was indicted by the First Chamber
of the Provincial Court of Malaga (Sección Primera de la Audicencia
Provincial de Malaga). The author filed criminal charges against the judges
in the Supreme Court, alleging that they had committed an offence by handing
down a manifestly unjust decision against him. The Supreme Court dismissed
his allegations. In December 1985, the First Chamber of the Provincial Court
of Malaga, allegedly composed of the same judges who had indicted him,
sentenced him for fraud. The author states that the judgment characterised
him in public as a swindler, a lawyer who had received payment in advance
and had done nothing to defend his client.
2.3 On 13 December 1985, the author appealed to the Supreme Tribunal,
alleging that the Provincial Court did not consider the evidence presented
by him to demonstrate that he had duly performed his lawyer's duties. In
November 1998, the Supreme Court dismissed the author's appeal, stating that
it was not the task of the Court to weigh the evidence in the case. While
this appeal was still pending before the Supreme Court, the Constitutional
Court handed down a judgment in which it decided that a judge who indicted
an accused could not participate in the judgment against the same accused.
The Supreme Court allegedly totally ignored the Constitutional Court's
decision in the author's case.
2.4 The author then appealed to the Constitutional Court, alleging that he
was tried by biased judges who had sentenced him notwithstanding he had
denounced them for handing down an unjust indictment against him. He also
alleged that the appeal (cassation) did not fulfil the requirements of
article 14, paragraph 5, of the Covenant, and that he was sentenced in
violation of the principle of the presumption of innocence. On 19 June 1989,
the Constitutional Court dismissed the appeal. The Court considered that the
denunciation of the judges was not sufficient to recuse them because it was
filed after the proceedings against the author had been instituted. [FN1]
The Court also considered that the appeal (cassation) satisfied the
requirements of the Covenant.
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[FN1] According to the judgment of the Constitutional Court, the Court
decided that the alleged violation of lack of impartiality of the judges was
inadmissible due to the author's failure to raise the issue before the
Supreme Court.
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2.5 The author appealed to the European Commission of Human Rights, alleging
that the judges who tried him were not impartial. On 29 May 1991, the
Commission found that the application was inadmissible for non-exhaustion of
domestic remedies. [FN2] The author considers that the Commission did not
"examine" his application within the meaning of article 5, paragraph 2 (a),
of the Optional Protocol. The alleged violation of article 14, paragraph 5
of the Covenant, or its equivalent under the European Convention on Human
Rights, was never submitted to the Commission.
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[FN2] The Commission considered that the allegation related to the lack of
impartiality was not raised in the appeal (cassation) to the Supreme Court.
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THE COMPLAINT
3.1 The author claims a violation of article 14, paragraph 5, of the
Covenant because he could not get a re-evaluation of the evidence in his
case.
3.2 The author alleges a violation of article 14, paragraph 1, of the
Covenant because he was sentenced by biased judges who had previously
indicted him and who had been denounced by him. The judgment handed down by
these judges was silent on all the evidence presented by the author to prove
his innocence.
3.3 The author further alleges a violation of article 17 of the Covenant
because the sentence of the Provincial Court of Malaga depicted him as a
swindler, notwithstanding the evidence he presented. As a result of the
judgment, his reputation was affected before public opinion.
ISSUES AND PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE
CONSIDERATION OF THE COMMITTEE
4.1. Pursuant to rule 93 of its Rules of Procedure, before considering any
claim contained in a complaint, the Human Rights Committee must determine
whether it is admissible under the Optional Protocol to the Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights.
4.2. The author first approached the Committee in 1998 and subsequently in
2004. He explains that , in the meantime, he had become the President of
Fundación Jurei and that the Foundation had been involved in many activities
for the promotion of human rights in Europe and South America, and that
therefore not only his own reputation was at risk but also that of the
Foundation. Subsequent delays in the registration of his communication were
due to circumstances outside the control of the author. The Committee
therefore concludes that the submission of the communication does not
constitute an abuse of the right of submission of communications in the
sense of Article 3 of the Optional Protocol.
4.3. The Committee has noted that the author's complaint concerning article
14, paragraph 1, of the Covenant had already been submitted to the European
Commission of Human Rights, which declared it inadmissible for
non-exhaustion of domestic remedies on 29 May 1991. The Committee notes,
however, that the European Commission did not examine the case within the
meaning of article 5, paragraph 2 (a) of the Optional Protocol, since its
decision was solely based on procedural grounds and it did not involve any
consideration of the merits of the case. Therefore, no issue arises with
regard to article 5, paragraph 2 (a) of the Optional Protocol as modified by
the State party's reservation to this provision.
4.4. Concerning the requirement of exhaustion of domestic remedies, with
respect to the alleged violation of article 17, which relates to the effects
that the sentence of the Provincial Court of Malaga had on the author's
reputation, the Committee notes that this issue was never raised before
domestic courts. With regard to the alleged violation of article 14,
paragraph 1, the Committee notes that this issue was not raised in the
appeal (cassation) in the Supreme Court. This fact prompted both the
Constitutional Court of Spain and the European Commission of Human Rights to
decide that the allegation concerning the lack of impartiality was
inadmissible for non-exhaustion of remedies. Therefore, the Committee finds
that the author has not exhausted available domestic remedies for these two
claims and declares this part of the communication inadmissible under
article 5, paragraph 2 (b) of the Optional Protocol.
4.5. With regard to the alleged violation of article 14, paragraph 5, it
transpires from the text of the judgment of the Supreme Court that, although
the Court stated that "evaluation of [the evidence] is the responsibility of
the trial court and not of this Court", it did deal extensively with the
arguments put forward by the author and concluded that the author in fact
had committed fraud because "there was deceitful behaviour and a selfish
desire for profit, which misled another person and induced him to perform an
act of disposition that was contrary to his own interests". The claim
regarding article 14, paragraph 5, therefore, appears to be insufficiently
substantiated for purposes of admissibility. Therefore, the Committee
concludes that this claim is inadmissible under article 2 of the Optional
Protocol.
4.6. The Human Rights Committee therefore decides:
(a) That the communication is inadmissible under articles 2 and 5, paragraph
2 (b) of the Optional Protocol;
(b) That this decision shall be transmitted to the State party and to the
author.
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Adopted in English, French and Spanish, the English text being the original
version. Subsequently to be issued also in Arabic, Chinese and Russian as
part of the Committee's annual report to the General Assembly. |
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